An interview by the experts of the Center for Progressive Reforms with His Excellency, Abdul Gaffor Therawi, Ambassador of Afghanistan to Uzbekistan.

On the eve of the Termez dialogue on the connection between Central and South Asia, themed as "Building a common space of peace, friendship, and prosperity" (Termez, May 19–21, 2025), an interview was held with the Ambassador of Afghanistan to Uzbekistan, His Excellency, Abdul Gaffor Therawi.

Today, many believe that Afghanistan is going through a unique phase in its history. How would you describe the overall mood in Afghan society at the moment? What changes have taken place in terms of national unity and internal harmony since the new government came to power?

First and foremost, thank you for the opportunity to communicate. Uzbekistan holds a special place in our hearts - it is a fraternal, Muslim land that always welcomes us so friendly. There is a hadith of the Prophet, which says that one must show gratitude for the received hospitality. We are pleased to be here and to continue our cooperation.

Regarding the situation in Afghanistan — indeed, the country is experiencing a unique, historical, moment. You correctly pointed out that the transfer of power occurred in an unprecedented manner — without a single drop of blood being shed, through peaceful means. This was possible due to the nationwide will for peace and consensus.

Following the change in power, a general amnesty was declared. We did not pursue or hold anyone accountable, aiming instead for national reconciliation. Moreover, we preserved the possessions and the employment of those who had served under the previous government. Many of these individuals continue to live and work in Afghanistan, feeling safe and secure. We have openly invited even those who previously cooperated with foreign governments, to return home. Our message is simple: come back, and take part in building a peaceful Afghanistan.

Today, Afghanistan is under the full control of its government. For the first time in many years, we can speak of stability, security, and the absence of threats to citizens’ lives and their properties. People feel confident and at ease, while the government remains committed to this track for the good of the nation.

The international community has traditionally assessed Afghanistan through the lens of security. As of today, are there any real signs of stability?

As of today, the level of security and stability in Afghanistan is unprecedented. In the past, under the republican system, security issues were always a major concern — now, these concerns simply do not arise. The negative reports sometimes spread by the foreign media do not reflect the actual situation and are elements of propaganda. As the saying goes, it is better to see something once, than to hear about it a hundred times.

Today, real stability and security have taken place in Afghanistan. People can go about their daily lives without fearing for themselves, or their loved ones.

Allow me to quote a sacred verse, which states that, “ if someone tries to mislead or provoke you, it is better to see for yourself, than to rely on rumors.” That is exactly our position — we invite you to come to Afghanistan and witness firsthand that the country now lives in peace, and tranquility.

What are the ideas and values that unite the Afghan people today? What helps to preserve the internal harmony during this transitional period?

Despite the ethnic and cultural diversity within Afghanistan, our history shows that these differences have never served as grounds for hostility or conflict. Afghans are naturally tolerant and respectful of one another’s traditions.

The primary, unifying force has always been — and remains — the Islamic faith. It is our shared spiritual foundation, which reinforces national unity. Allah said: “I created you as different tribes, so that you may know one another.” In Islam, what matters most, is not a person's origin, but their righteousness, humanity, and integrity.

Moreover, we are united by a shared heroic past — the struggle against colonialism and occupiers. Afghans, regardless of their ethnicity, have always stood together in defense of the country’s freedom and independence.

Equally important factors are the deep family ties between ethnic groups, the similarities in cultures and traditions, and above all, the genuine love each Afghan holds for their homeland. This love binds us together stronger than any political or ethnic division.

As stated in the hadith of the Prophet: “Wish for your neighbor what you wish for yourself.” These words carry a profound meaning, not only in the realm of international relations, but also in strengthening the internal unity of our people. We teach this to our citizens from an early age, encouraging mutual respect and care for one another, regardless of ethnic backgrounds.

In your opinion, what role can regional partners, particularly Uzbekistan, play in ensuring stability and development in Afghanistan? Which areas of cooperation are the most promising?

The role of the neighboring countries in the development of any society and state - is of utmost importance. This applies both to ensuring security and stability, as well as to fostering economic growth. The fraternal nation of Uzbekistan already is making a significant contribution to the development of infrastructure projects, agriculture, and economic investment in Afghanistan. We deeply value this support, but naturally, we would welcome an even more active engagement.

A unique and historic opportunity is opening up for our countries today. Afghanistan and the Central Asian states, through joint efforts, can create the conditions for the entire region to gain access to international maritime routes. This will form the foundation for extensive economic and transport cooperation that will connect North, South, East, and West, enhancing continental connectivity.

We place particular importance on the railway project, which will link Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Other priority areas include energy, and the extraction of natural resources, including gas fields in the Jowzjan province.

There is a sacred hadith in the Islamic tradition stating: “Wish for your neighbor what you wish for yourself.” Guided by this value, we view the partnership with Uzbekistan, not only as economic, but also as a fulfillment of our religious and moral duties toward our neighbors.

It will soon be five years since the current government came to power. Has a foreign policy concept been formulated? Which countries are considered as Afghanistan’s strategic partners?

Yes, we have clearly defined the core tenets of our foreign policy. Our approach is based on two key principles: balanced diplomacy and economic focus. On one hand, we strive for equal and constructive relationships with all countries of the world. On the other hand, we place a strong emphasis on national economic development and attracting investment through an active foreign economic policy.

The core principles are as follows:

• Non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries, and the prevention of interference in Afghanistan’s internal affairs.
• Building an effective and pragmatic cooperation with all the countries based on mutual benefit.
• Active engagement with international organizations and participation in global conferences to promote Afghanistan’s national interests.

When it comes to priorities, our focus undoubtedly remains on the countries of the region. We sincerely believe that the sustainable development and stability of Afghanistan is directly linked to the peace and prosperity of our neighbors. As stated in an eastern wisdom: “Stability at home - is stability in the region. And the regional stability - is our own security.”

In your opinion, what is the significance of the upcoming "Termezconnectivity dialogue" forum for Afghanistan?

This forum, and likewise platforms, are of great importance not only for Afghanistan but for the entire region. Such events help establish new connections, expand opportunities for cooperation, and unlock untapped economic and investment potential.

For Afghanistan, the participation in the “Termez connectivity dialogue” holds particular value. It is an opportunity to showcase our initiatives, establish direct contacts between Afghan and international businessmen, investors, and government representatives. We especially hope to promote investment initiatives in our economy, develop trade partnerships, and participate in infrastructure development.

Personally, I will be following the outcomes of the forum closely, as we intend to support new initiatives aimed at advancing the country’s socio-economic development and strengthening regional stability. We genuinely hope that such dialogues will become the foundation for deeper cooperation, enhanced mutual understanding, and stronger friendship among our nations.

Today, Afghanistan is actively involved in major regional investment projects: the Trans-Afghan Railway, the CASA-1000 power line, the TAPI gas pipeline, and others. What are the prospects for Afghanistan’s participation in these projects, and what role is the country ready to play?

Afghanistan has always been open to initiatives aimed at fostering economic and infrastructure development, both within the country and across the region.
We believe that such projects as the Trans-Afghan Railway, CASA-1000, and the TAPI gas pipeline, play an essential role in strengthening the connection between Central and South Asia, as well as in opening up new trade routes.

These projects promote not only regional economic prosperity, but also significantly improve Afghanistan’s domestic economic landscape. For us, this is an opportunity to reduce reliance on external resources, address energy shortages, and accelerate internal infrastructure transformation.

As for Afghanistan’s specific role, we are ready to provide full security guarantees for the implementation of all these projects. Ensuring the safety of investments - is our top priority. In addition, we are committed to fulfilling all necessary infrastructure and technical obligations within the country and actively engaging in the negotiation of intergovernmental agreements, related to customs regulations, technical standards, and workforce training.

We also recognize that successful implementation of these initiatives requires modernization of our domestic infrastructure, including the development of energy grids and transportation logistics. Afghanistan is ready to undertake this important work.

In your opinion, what untapped opportunities exist in the trade relationship between Afghanistan and Uzbekistan? Which of these hold the greatest potential?

In our opinion, the trade and economic potential between Afghanistan and Uzbekistan remains far from fully realized. Both countries possess substantial opportunities which, if properly harnessed, could bring tangible benefits for both the Afghan and Uzbek nations. One of the key tasks ahead is the removal of barriers that hinder free trade. It is important to simplify visa and customs procedures for business representatives, as well as to review and cancel outdated agreements that restrict the growth of commerce.

Additionally, joint exhibitions, business forums, and trade delegation exchanges have to be organized more actively. Furthermore, modern communication platforms and digital trade solutions should play an increasingly important role in facilitating these collaborations. Speaking of specific sectors, Afghanistan is ready to expand the export of agricultural products - which is saffron, almonds, pomegranates, apples, and dried fruits. At the same time, we are interested in importing grain, electricity, and industrial goods from Uzbekistan.

There is also considerable potential in the energy sector. Afghanistan already imports electricity from Uzbekistan, but we would like to deepen this cooperation and explore new, joint, energy projects. An important area - are joint efforts to develop Afghanistan’s natural resources. We invite Uzbek companies to consider participating in the extraction of marble, iron, copper, and other valuable minerals, with the processing and exporting them to Uzbekistan.

We are confident that with proper coordination and strong governmental support, our trade and economic ties can become a model of regional cooperation.

As a result of the long-standing conflict, many Afghans have left the country. What measures is the current Taliban government taking to bring its citizens back?

First of all, I would like to clarify a common misconception. Our country is officially called the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan — not the “Taliban,” as it is often labeled in foreign media. Additionally, we prefer to identify ourselves as Afghans, rather than using externally imposed terms like “Afghanistani.”

As for your question — we are making every effort to create the right conditions for the return of our fellow citizens. The government is working actively to ensure that every Afghan feels safe, and confident, on their own land.

Once the refugees cross the border, temporary camps are made available, along with support for transportation to permanent residences. The private sector, entrepreneurs, and ordinary citizens are also engaged in this effort, providing transport, housing, and other essential resources. The state allocates land plots for the returning people, and special settlements are being built. With the cooperation of international humanitarian organizations, medical and psychological assistance is provided as well.

In addition, the government is actively working to protect the property rights of citizens who remain abroad.We are engaged in negotiations with the governments of Pakistan, Iran, and other countries to ensure the preservation of our citizens’ property, businesses, and financial assets overseas.

It is important to emphasize that the repatriation process is under the direct supervision of the country’s leadership. The Prime Minister himself, along with the key ministers, oversee this issue to ensure that returnees feel fully supported and are able to begin a new chapter in their homeland.

We call on all Afghans living abroad to consider the opportunity of returning home. This is a historic moment. Peace and stability have been established in the country, and major economic projects are being implemented. We need skilled professionals, their expertise, knowledge, and, if possible, financial contributions. But above all - we are inviting our fellow citizens to come home and join us in building a strong and prosperous Afghanistan.

What is Afghanistan’s position on the rational and joint use of regional water resources, particularly regarding the Qoshtepa canal project?

The position of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan on this matter is clear and transparent: we are firmly committed to the principles of fairness and respect for the rights of all parties. Afghanistan does not claim the resources of others, but it will fully uphold its lawful rights in strict accordance with international norms and agreements.

Regarding the Qoshtepa project, we believe that the water resources should be used within the legal entitlements of each state. No one should infringe upon the rights of others, and likewise, we will not allow Afghanistan’s rights to be infringed upon. We will use the waters of the Amudarya only within the limits that are rightfully ours.

Allow me to quote an example from Islamic traditions, which also guides our state policy on this issue. One of the verses reminds that a Muslim must not be wasteful - this applies to water as well. Even during ablution, the Prophet Muhammad taught to avoid excesses, saying: “Even if you have a river at your disposal, do not waste water.”

We strictly follow these principles. Afghanistan will use the water resources economically, responsibly, and solely within the framework of its legitimate rights. Could you please share how you began your diplomatic career? This experience will be of great interest to our audience, especially to young people aspiring to become diplomats.

Thank you for this interesting question. Allow me to begin by noting that diplomacy has always played an important role in Islamic history. Even the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, sent envoys to other nations, carefully selecting individuals who possessed deep knowledge, respected the traditions of other cultures, and were capable of building trust. These qualities remain essential to this day.

My own path in diplomacy began with many years of public service. I held various positions during the first administration of the Islamic Emirate from 1996 to 2001, including within the justice system. I also took part in the jihad, which gave me a profound understanding not only of legal matters but also of socio-political processes.

When I was appointed ambassador, my professional experience, commitment to national interests, and understanding of international relations were all taken into account. The decision was made at the highest level - by the Prime Minister and Amir Mumin, and it is a great honor and responsibility for me.

It is important to note that Islamic scholars, among whom I am myself, are well-versed not only in religious principles, but also in legal frameworks. This enables us to effectively represent our country's interests on the international stage and to find common ground with other states, while respecting their traditions and values.

In conclusion, I would like to advise the young people, who dream of a diplomatic career: to be patient, pursue knowledge, respect other cultures, and never forget the great responsibility a diplomat carries on behalf of their nation.

The conversation was conducted by Mirshohid Aslanov, Director of the Center for Progressive Reforms, and Otabek Akramov, Expert at the Center.

Media and Outreach Department of the Center for Progressive Reforms

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